Pensar Enfermagem / v.29 n.Sup / Jan-Dec 2025

DOI: 10.71861/pensarenf.v29iSup.411 / e00411

Theoretical Article

How to cite this article: Diogo P, Santos I, Coutinho E, Martins MR, Rosa ML, Almeida T, Rodrigues L,

Baltar P, Pereira A, Cruz M. Portuguese Network of Nursing Science for Human Care: A report on a

collaborative experience with the Watson Caring Science Institute. Pensar Enf [Inte

rnet]. 2025 Jan-Dec

;

29(Sup):

e00411. Available from: https://doi.org/10.71861/pensarenf.v29iSup.411

Portuguese Network of Nursing Science for

Human Care: A report on a collaborative experience

with the Watson Caring Science Institute

Abstract

The Portuguese Network of Nursing Science for Human Care, the official representative in

Portugal of the Watson Caring Science Institute (WCSI) and affiliated with the Latin-Ibero-

American branch (WCSI LIA), was established in March 2021 with the goal of promoting

and disseminating the development of the Nursing Science. This working group is

particularly concerned with the contemporary state of nursing praxis within the scope of

humanized, holistic, and integral care, and with the necessary foundation of nursing research

on its own body of knowledge. This paper presents a report on the experience of this

international outreach and exchange project, covering its activities from March 2021 to

December 2024. This project represents a space for collective construction among 12

countries representing the WCSI, whose director is the prominent nursing theorist Jean

Watson. We aim to describe the creation process of the Portuguese Network of Nursing

Science for Human Care, its development, and the joint activities carried out with groups

from various countries; to share the experience of the nurses who form the network; and to

reflect on its dynamics and the strengthening of collaborative spaces in light of current and

future challenges.

Its productivity is significant at both national and international levels, with the organization

of in-person and online scientific events. However, it is important to diversify activities to

include Reflection & Healing groups, Journal Clubs, and a new Workshop Series, as well as

to develop a research study on the contribution of Jean Watson’s theoretical framework in

Portuguese doctoral theses. The implementation of the Caritas Coach® Education Program

in Portuguese, organized by the WCSI, is also anticipated. The Network’s main vision is to

be transformative, and we will continue to disseminate knowledge throughout mainland

Portugal, the islands, and Latin-Ibero-American countries.

In conclusion, since its foundation, the REDE PT has grounded its work on the universal

values of the Processes of Clinical Caritas Veritas, within a collaborative environment that

supports the development of nursing and is based on the Science of Unitary Caring.

Keywords

Scientific Network; Nursing; Humanized Care; Evidence-Based Practice; Science and

Development; Experience Report.

Paula Diogo1

orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-3452

Irene Santos2

orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-7567

Emília Coutinho3

orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-4626

Maria do Rosário Martins4

orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-5834

Maria da Luz Rosa5

orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-796X

Tânia Almeida6

orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-2708

Luíza Rodrigues7

orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-7697

Patrícia Baltar8

orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-2103

António Pereira9

orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-4760

Miguel Cruz10

orcid.org/0009-0000-7087-6655

1 PhD. CIDNUR - Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa;

Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

2 PhD. Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o

Cuidado Humano/WCSI LIA.

3 PhD. Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior de

Saúde; Centro de Estudos em Educação Tecnologia e Saúde;

Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

4 PhD. Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola

Superior de Saúde; UICISA:E; Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de

Enfermagem para o Cuidado Humano/WCSI LIA.

5 PhD. Unidade Local de Saúde Almada Seixal; CIDNUR; Rede

Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

6 Master. Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa;

CIDNUR; Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o

Cuidado Humano/WCSI LIA.

7 Master. Unidade Local de Saúde São José; CIDNUR; Rede

Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

8 Master. Unidade Local de Saúde Amadora/Sintra; CIDNUR;

Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

9 Master. Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental; CIDNUR;

Rede Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

10 Graduation. Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria; Rede

Portuguesa da Ciência de Enfermagem para o Cuidado

Humano/WCSI LIA.

Corresponding author

Paula Diogo

E-mail: pmdiogo@esel.pt

Received: 17.12.2024

Accepted: 25.04.2025

Editor: Marcelle Miranda da Silva

Diogo, P.

Theoretical Article

Introduction

The Watson Caring Science Institute (WCSI) is an

international non-profit foundation whose mission is to

promote the philosophy and theory of Human Caring - its

ethics, theories, and practices – developed since the 1970s

by Jean Watson. Its purpose is to restore and expand the

deep nature of caring-healing within the unitary structure of

the Caring Science as envisioned by Watson herself.¹ In

Dossey’s Integrative Nursing Theory, healing is also seen as

distinct from “curing,” understood instead as a lifelong

journey rather than a state or behavior - an integrative

process that embraces a unitary view of the whole person

interacting with the environment.2

The Portuguese Network of Nursing Science for Human

Care, hereinafter referred to as REDE PT, operates as part

of a dynamic group working across 12 Latin-Ibero-

American countries (LIA) within the WCSI, collectively

known as WCSI LIA. The teams from these 12 countries

(Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia,

Spain, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Portugal, and Uruguay) are

internally referred to as “Watson groups.” REDE PT is an

international outreach and exchange project on nursing

knowledge and practices, created in March 2021,

representing WCSI in Portugal through WCSI LIA, under

the direction of Professor Héctor Rosso.

REDE PT’s mission is to value, promote, and disseminate

nursing practice from a holistic and humanistic perspective,

grounded in Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. This

humanistic perspective in nursing draws on both Humanism

and Existentialism. Humanism offers a broader view of

individual potential, seeking to understand each person

through the lens of their personal experiences.

Existentialism is a philosophical approach to understanding

life - it begins with the human being, a person who feels,

acts, and lives. It emphasizes free choice, self-determination,

and individual responsibility.

A nursing practice based on a humanistic perspective

encourages nurses to reflect on the core values and

meanings of their lived experiences, so they can share and

integrate them into professional practice. This process

allows nurses to feel fulfilled and to realize their potential. It

is a phenomenological process of reflection focused on

wholeness and synthesis, rather than logical analysis or

reduction.3 More specifically, humanistic nursing practice

asserts that nursing care is based on the nurse’s existential

experiences, which are consciously and deliberately

constructed, and focuses on transformation, as well as on

being and becoming a person.2,3 As such, it is also a

developmental process that unfolds through care

relationships.

The REDE PT working group adopts the concept of a

network as a process of building and strengthening spaces

for shared encounters and joint actions involving a range of

activities and intersecting proposals – all pursued with rigor,

coordination, and commitment to shared goals. The group

is particularly concerned with the current state of nursing

praxis in the context of humanized, holistic, and integral

care, and with the essential grounding of nursing research in

its own body of knowledge. The team of clinicians and

academics has conducted several studies based on Jean

Watson’s theoretical framework.

In alignment with Watson’s holistic and global approach to

personhood, REDE PT also embraces contemporary global

challenges that nurses cannot ignore. This includes what

Watson refers to as cosmic caring – caring at another level for

humanity and the planet itself3 – which echoes the global

agenda set forth by the United Nations in the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs).4

In this first phase of REDE PT’s development, the primary

focus is on SDG 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-

being for all at all ages – which is most directly aligned with

health-related phenomena. However, following its mission

of thinking and acting globally, we believe that nursing

carries an inherent responsibility as both a civic and

professional agent, legitimizing its engagement across all

SDGs. This vision will guide us as it grows and matures.

With these principles in mind, we opted for an experience

report covering the period from March 2021 to December

2024, aiming to describe the creation, development, and

collaborative activities of REDE PT with the other “Watson

groups”; to share the lived experiences of the nurses

involved; and to reflect on its internal dynamics and the

strengthening of meeting spaces with a forward-looking

perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to

present the genesis and evolution of REDE PT, as reflected

in the personal experiences of its members, the projects

developed, and the activities underway.

Brief Overview of Jean Watson’s Theoretical

Framework

Jean Watson, a prominent nursing theorist, has been

developing the Theory of Human Caring for several

decades, beginning in 1978. Her thinking has evolved into

what is now known as the Unitary Caring Science,

formulated in 2018.5,6 From its initial conception, the

Theory of Human Caring has been grounded in existential-

phenomenological assumptions, viewing the person as

more than a physical body. It involves an openness to the

existential and spiritual dimensions of both caregiver and

care recipient, aiming for healing in the moments of care.

It is both a science and an art, emphasizing interrelated

concepts such as intersubjective relationships, moral ideals,

caring modalities, ethics of care, and transpersonal caring –

all expressed through the Clinical Caritas Veritas

Processes.6,7

Within the field of nursing theory, Jean Watson has

contributed to the consolidation of nursing as a discipline

and to the profession’s autonomy. For Watson, caring is the

essence of nursing. In the Theory of Human

Caring/Unitary Caring Science, the human being is viewed

as an indivisible unity of body, mind, and spirit. Caring,

from this unitary perspective, considers the person as a

whole, beyond the physical dimension, encompassing

emotional, spiritual, and existential dimensions. Human

caring is considered transpersonal – it occurs in the contact

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between the subjective worlds of nurse and patient,

reaching the core of the person as a “spiritual being.”6

Human beings are interconnected with the universe and

nature, existing in a universal interconnection between

individual and environment. Caring requires the nurse to

develop an expanded consciousness – self-awareness,

awareness of the patient and the environment – with

intentionality to create a healing space.6,7 Because nurses

engage with the mystery of life and the vital spirit-energy of

self and others during the caring moment, Unitary Caring

Science is considered sacred.8

According to Lacerda, Santos, Tonin, and Diogo9(p6),

“theoretical concepts and scientific evidence underpin

practice, which in turn leads to reflection, questions, and

challenges that require the evolution of theoretical

frameworks, and more theory to support that same

practice. It is this cyclical articulation – theorizing-action-

reflection – that drives the development of Nursing

Science.” In a humanistic and holistic approach, nursing

must be a humanistic practice in which the professional

connects with the patient through a relationship that values

dignity, respect, empathy, compassion, love, and

spirituality. Caring Science is seen as sacred, combining the

science of doing with the essence of being, recognizing the

soul and inner life in a transdisciplinary and global vision.6

The concept of healing is understood as a holistic process

that involves the totality of the human being - body, mind,

and spirit - in a journey of restoration and profound

transformation between nurse and patient.6,7

The evolution from the Theory of Human Caring to

Unitary Caring Science transforms the framework into a

unitary scientific paradigm – philosophically, ethically, and

ontologically specific to Nursing.6,10 This paradigm refines

the caring processes into the 10 elements of the Clinical

Caritas Veritas Process:

- Caritas Process 1: Embrace – Practicing loving-

kindness, compassion, and equanimity toward self and

others.

- Caritas Process 2: Inspire – Instilling faith and hope

through authentic presence. Honoring one’s own beliefs

and the subjective beliefs and inner life of the other.

- Caritas Process 3: Trust – Trusting oneself and the

other, conveying confidence and intentionality, being

sensitive, welcoming, and listening beyond words.

- Caritas Process 4: Nurture – Developing authentic,

heart-centered relationships through loving presence and

conscious intersubjectivity.

- Caritas Process 5: Forgive – Allowing for the

expression of both positive and negative feelings without

judgment, creating a space where the other can listen to

themselves, self-care, self-know, and self-heal.

- Caritas Process 6: Deepen – Integrating broad patterns

of knowledge, including subjective meaning and life

experiences beyond personal, intuitive, aesthetic, ethical,

spiritual, and empirical-scientific knowledge, along with

emancipatory knowledge.7,11

- Caritas Process 7: Balance – Engaging in authentic

teaching for self-care, self-knowledge, and self-regulation –

for self and others. Understanding that information is not

knowledge, knowledge is not understanding, understanding

is not internalization, and only internalization leads to

wisdom.

- Caritas Process 8: Co-create – Establishing a healing

environment grounded in love and trust, with the nurse

being aware of the healing space.

- Caritas Process 9: Minister – Honoring human dignity

by caring for basic needs as a sacred gift and act of healing.

- Caritas Process 10: Open – Embracing the infinite and

the evolution of consciousness, accepting existential and

spiritual unknowns, and being open to miracles and

mystery.

The most recent concept in Unitary Caring Science7

involves three forms of ethics – the ethics of Belonging, of

Face, and of Hands – based on the philosophy of Levinas

and ethicist Knud Ejler Løgstrup. The ethic of belonging is

based on the assumption of unity and uniqueness: before

we are separate beings, we are part of the “Infinite Field of

Universal Cosmic Love” and the sacred circle of life and

death. The ethic of face, as a face-to-face connection, is

fundamental to human evolution and survival. When we

look into another’s face, we behold the mystery and infinity

of the human soul; in doing so, we reflect our own inner

infinity. The ethic of hands is based on the idea that the

nurse holds life metaphorically and literally in their hands.

Unitary Caring Science emphasizes that the heart and hands

are connected, and that love, care, compassion, and inner

truth manifest through the nurse’s hands as instruments of

healing.

Creation of the Portuguese Network of Nursing

Science for Human Care: WCSI’s Representative in

Portugal

The REDE PT, representing the Watson Caring Science

Institute (WCSI) in Portugal through WCSI LIA, was

founded in March 2021 by Professor Paula Diogo

following an invitation from the Director of WCSI LIA. A

founding group was formed through invitations to

academic and clinical nurses with experience in developing

projects and producing scientific knowledge aligned with

Jean Watson’s theoretical framework and related topics.

REDE PT’s mission is to enhance the value of nursing as a

discipline and practice grounded in a holistic and

humanistic approach, centered on Jean Watson’s Theory of

Human Caring. It aims to integrate theoretical and practical

knowledge that can positively influence the advancement

of nursing at both national and international levels.

Its main objectives are to:

- Promote the study and development of the Theory of

Human Caring and its multiple applications, particularly in

care modalities that enhance the physical, emotional, and

spiritual well-being of both patients and nurses;

- Disseminate research and evidence-based practices rooted

in Human Caring and supported by Jean Watson’s

theoretical framework;

- Contribute to the continuing education of its members

and all nurses and nursing students;

Diogo, P.

Theoretical Article

- Encourage a culture of research and development (R&D)

within healthcare and educational institutions by sharing

information, involving students from all levels of nursing

education, organizing scientific and educational events,

cultural sessions, and other initiatives;

- Promote the dissemination of the Theory of Human

Caring among nurses, healthcare institutions, nursing

schools, and academic entities in an appropriate and

unbiased manner, enhancing the reputation of the

profession and its practices;

- Stimulate collaboration with national and international

organizations in various scientific areas, including

partnerships with project teams and peer networks.

Thus, REDE PT seeks to create an environment conducive

to knowledge exchange and reflection, fostering the

evolution of nursing praxis by connecting clinical practice

with critical reflection on Human Caring. The primary

assumption underpinning this aim is the importance of

theoretical development in nursing, which since the 1950s

has significantly shaped the discipline, education, and

practice. It has contributed to forming a unique body of

knowledge that guides nurses’ reflections and intentions in

what they say, feel, and do. In short, theorization provides

the foundation for nursing action. A theoretical

contribution offers better and more comprehensive

explanations of nursing phenomena, helping predict events

and solve practice-based problems while also promoting

epistemological development and strengthening Nursing

Science.9

REDE PT’s specific goals include:

- Sharing caring experiences and scientific knowledge based

on Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, promoting the

reconfiguration of clinical nursing practices;

- Scientific dissemination through publications and other

scholarly activities grounded in Jean Watson’s theoretical

framework;

- Publicizing scientific output and including students from

all three levels of nursing education;

- Exploring and discussing topics of common interest to

group members, especially those related to Human Caring

research and practice.

To achieve these goals, a key partnership was established in

January 2023 with the Lisbon School of Nursing (Escola

Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa – ESEL), extending to

collaborative research with the Lisbon Research,

Innovation, and Development Center in Nursing

(CIDNUR), along with indispensable support from the

Watson Caring Science Institute – particularly Professor

Jean Watson, WCSI LIA Director Professor Héctor Rosso,

and Executive Director Julie Watson. Additional

institutional support was provided by the Polytechnic

Institute of Viseu (School of Health) and the University of

the Azores (School of Health).

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Theoretical Article

Currently, REDE PT includes 22 academic and clinical

nurses and a Student Section representing nursing students

from all three education levels (with a one-year term and a

variable number of participants). These members work in

higher education and healthcare institutions in mainland

Portugal, the islands, and abroad. The working group

fosters a collaborative environment of mutual sharing and

growth, recognizing that nursing development depends on

coordinated efforts across all professional domains.

New members are integrated into REDE PT either through

direct invitation or by submitting a written request.

Selection involves an interview with the coordinator and

another member – usually the head of the Education Unit

– followed by feedback from the full group. Final approval

is the responsibility of the REDE PT coordinator. Figure 1

outlines this integration process.

Figure 1 – Integration process for new members.

The Student Section includes nurses and nursing students

from undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral programs who

actively contribute to ongoing activities and events.

Undergraduate students – typically from their 2nd, 3rd, or

4th years – collaborate for a 12-month period through

partnerships with healthcare and academic institutions.

This section aims to foster the academic and professional

development of students, enabling them to deepen their

understanding of Jean Watson’s Caring Theory. Through

participation in REDE PT’s initiatives, students gain

knowledge and shared experiences that promote

compassion, critical thinking, and holistic perspectives. A

curriculum rooted in Jean Watson’s Clinical Caritas Veritas

Processes6,7 encourages openness in thinking, moving away

from a purely technicist mindset and embracing both

physical and emotional-spiritual dimensions.

New members undergo an integration process that includes

an initial meeting with the head of the student section,

during which they are introduced to the goals, structure,

and ongoing projects of REDE PT. Mentorship is provided

either by the section head or a full-time team member.

Figure 2 illustrates each stage of this integration journey.

Figure 2 – Recruitment process for Student Pole members.

Structure and Operations

REDE PT is organized into four distinct sectors, each with

a specific focus. It is coordinated by Professor Paula Diogo

and composed of founding members, new members, a

Student Section, and collaborators, all of whom are

integrated according to the processes illustrated in Figures

1 and 2. The organizational chart is presented in Figure 3.

The Secretariat is composed of an elected member and

carries out its duties in coordination with the coordinator

and the other sectors. The Scientific Council consists of

members who hold doctoral degrees, while the Executive

Committee is responsible for organizing scientific and

cultural events and managing social media communication

and public image.

The Education Unit includes the Student Pole and is

responsible for organizing educational activities and

overseeing the integration of new members and students.

The Research Unit is composed of the “Watson Network

Groups,” members involved in research projects, and those

dedicated to scientific production and publication. This

unit is also responsible for promoting and coordinating

research-related activities.

The founding group's first activity was the development of

the internal Regulations, which serve as a foundational and

organizational tool for all national and international REDE

PT initiatives. According to the Regulations, internal

meetings are held quarterly, with all members and student

representatives invited to participate. These meetings are

chaired by the coordinator and supported by the secretary,

who drafts the minutes.

The meeting agenda generally includes: welcoming new

members; updates and announcements; presentation and

discussion of activities organized by each sector; and,

annually, the preparation of the Activity Report. Meeting

minutes are sent to all members for feedback and approval

and are ultimately reviewed and validated by the

coordinator.

These internal meetings are key for identifying needs,

planning and coordinating new initiatives, and evaluating

activities. They also serve as vital sources of inspiration,

sharing, and understanding of Jean Watson’s Theory of

Human Caring/Unitary Caring Science.

Joint meetings with the other “Watson groups” and the

Director of WCSI LIA are equally enriching. These are held

quarterly with the country coordinators and chaired by

Professor Héctor Rosso. Each meeting begins with a

mindfulness moment – a holistic practice that fosters group

connection – followed by presentations of ongoing

activities and discussions of future projects, which are

reviewed and validated by the WCSI LIA Director.

A particularly significant event was the international

scientific meeting “An Encounter with Dr. Jean Watson”, held

in Portugal on June 27, 2023. During this event, a private

group meeting was held with Professor Jean Watson,

Director of WCSI. The discussion focused on the work

being done by REDE PT. This was a profound and

emotional moment, as each member received a card listing

the 10 Clinical Caritas Veritas Processes, in Spanish, directly

Diogo, P.

Theoretical Article

from Jean Watson. Her care for each participant, the

strength and energy she radiated, and her unwavering belief

in the Unitary Caring Science deeply moved everyone,

marking a unique moment in our lives. During the meeting,

the group also received a Certificate of Recognition from

Dr. Watson, acknowledging REDE PT’s contribution to

advancing the Science of Human Caring in Portugal.

This dynamic has enabled members to meet both online

and in person, collaborate actively, get to know each other,

and engage deeply with the concepts, definitions,

assumptions, and all the elements related to the Theory of

Human Caring/Unitary Caring Science. Each member of

REDE PT embarks on a journey of self-awareness, self-

knowledge, and self-care, moving toward unitary caring and

inviting more people into this transformative process.

Initial Exchange Activities with the Brazilian Group

The first international scientific event organized by REDE

PT was the 1st Webinar Series titled “Jean Watson’s Nursing

Theory of Human Caring: From Conception to Practice”, which

took place online on September 20, 22, and 24, 2021. The

event was strongly supported and encouraged by the

Brazilian Network of Unitary Caring Science. This joint

initiative provided an opportunity to share clinical practices

and reflect on ongoing research in both countries.

REDE PT also collaborated with the Brazilian counterpart

group to organize the 1st International Meeting entitled

“Human Caring in 21st Century Nursing: Education, Research,

and Clinical Practice”, held online on November 14 and 15,

2022. The event featured the participation of Jean Watson

herself, which was especially enriching, as she emphasized

“The Seven Sacred Sutras” of the third paradigm of her theory.

Dr. Watson’s contribution offered valuable insights into

the evolving elements of her theoretical work.

The Brazilian “Watson group” played a key role in

encouraging and supporting the early activities of REDE

PT by sharing their experience and motivation.

Knowledge Production and Dissemination Activities

In addition to the events mentioned above, REDE PT has

developed both in-person and online activities. Notable

examples include:

- On November 19, 2021, the group launched an online

workshop series titled “Humanization Themes in Nursing”,

hosted on Zoom. The first workshop, “Hope in Human

Caring”, gathered around 100 participants and provided a

space for reflection on the importance of hope as rooted in

the Theory of Human Caring.

- On January 31, 2022, the second workshop was held:

“Modalities of Human Caring: From Concept to Practice”, with

over 120 participants. The session focused on holistic care

modalities aligned with Watson’s theory, such as Reiki,

massage, biodanza, and others.

- On June 7, 2022, the third workshop was organized under

the theme “Humor in Nursing Care”, attracting more than

150 registrants. It promoted discussion on the integration

of humor into care practice and its relevance for comfort

and well-being.

- On February 1, 2023, the second edition of the workshop

“Hope in Human Caring” was held.

- On March 14, 16, and 18, 2022, the 2nd International

Webinar Series “Promoting Human Caring across the Life Cycle”

took place, in partnership with the “Watson groups” of

Brazil and Uruguay. With over 300 registrants, the event

provided a meaningful space for cultural exchange and

reflections on care experiences in different settings.

- On June 27, 2023, the in-person international event “An

Encounter with Dr. Jean Watson” took place with 150

participants. It was an emotional and rewarding day. For

many attendees, meeting the theorist in person affirmed the

significance of her work in naming and legitimizing the

intersubjective processes that constitute the therapeutic

relationship.

Figure 3 – Organizational chart of REDE PT.

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- On November 21-22, 2024, a new series of “Humanization

Themes in Nursing” workshops were held at the Polytechnic

Institute of Viseu, School of Health, with 40 participants.

Topics included: “Caring for Self and Others: Emotional

Management for Nursing Students”, “Positive Emotional

Experiences: Being More Self-Aware”, and “Caring for Children

and Families Affected by Abuse: A Holistic Approach.”

On December 4-7, 2024, during the 1st Child Health

Seminar at the University of the Azores, School of Health,

REDE PT delivered another edition of the “Humanization

Themes in Nursing” workshop series. It focused on emotional

management for health professionals caring for children,

youth, and families, with 25 participants.

Collaboration with Peer “Watson Groups” as a

Strategic Resource for Dissemination and Outreach

Collaboration with peer “Watson groups” has proven to be

a vital strategy for expanding the dissemination and

visibility of REDE PT. In this context, several significant

joint activities were conducted:

- Webinar “The Advancements & Challenges of Caring

Science”, held on September 22–23, 2022, with

participation from all WCSI LIA countries.

- International Webinar on the Science of Human Caring:

Global Development and Implementation of Nursing in

Caring Science, on August 17, 2023, with participants from

all WCSI LIA countries.

- Webinar “Information Systems and the Theory of Human

Caring”, on June 15, 2024, in partnership with the Watson

group from Spain.

- International Webinar on the Science of Human Caring:

“Literacy in Caring Science”, held on September 11–12,

2024, with participation from all WCSI LIA countries.

In addition to these international initiatives, REDE PT also

participated in invited activities organized by national and

international institutions, which contributed to its growing

visibility and relevance. Highlights include:

- Participation in the 1st Anniversary Celebration of the

Brazilian Network of Unitary Caring Science on October

11, 2021, via a live session titled “The Use of the Theory of

Human Caring in Clinical Practice in Portugal”.

- Participation in the III International Colloquium on the

Philosophy of Caring: Person-Centered Care, as part of the

panel “Caring”, organized by the Coimbra Nursing School

(ESEnfC) on November 18, 2021.

- Presentation of REDE PT at the School of Health of the

University of the Azores, on January 21, 2022, at the

invitation of the School’s Director.

- The Watson Caring Science Institute Latin-Ibero-

American branch (WCSI LIA) offered scholarships to

REDE PT members to attend an international scientific

event. As part of this opportunity, three oral

communications were delivered at the 43rd Annual

International Association for Human Caring (IAHC)

Conference, held in June 2022.

Scientific Production and Publications

In terms of scientific production and publication, several

noteworthy contributions include:

- Collaboration in the book titled “Los Milagros y Misterios”

(2022), published by the Lotus Publishing House of the

WCSI, which features chapters authored by REDE PT

members: “The Story of a Pediatric Nurse” and “Extraordinary

Stories Kept in My Memory”.

- Publication of the eBook from the 1st International

Meeting of REDE PT, “Human Caring in 21st Century

Nursing: Education, Research, and Clinical Practice” held on

November 14-15, 2022. ISBN: 978-989-33-5029-4.

- Publication in the journal Pensar Enfermagem of the

article titled “Unitary Caring Science: Caritas Compassion

Transpersonal Theory” authored by Jean Watson, following

the scientific event held in June 2023. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.56732/pensarenf.v27i1.296

- Publication in the journal Revista de Enfermagem

Referência of the scientific article titled “The Contribution of

Theory-Building to the Development of Knowledge in Nursing”

(2024), in collaboration with the Watson group from Brazil.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.12707/RVI24.18.34542

Caritas Coach® Education Program

The Caritas Coach® Education Program (CCEP) is an

innovative six-month course offered by the Watson Caring

Science Institute. It is designed to prepare healthcare

professionals, educators, caregivers, and leaders for the

practice and implementation of Caring Science and the

Theory of Human Caring across various contexts and

dimensions. The course is taught in both Spanish and

English and brings together participants from countries

where these languages are widely spoken, including Spain,

Mexico, Argentina, the United States, Chile, and Canada -

reinforcing its international and intercultural nature.

This is an immersive experience - intellectually, ethically,

personally, and aesthetically - that combines theoretical

learning with the development of reflective practices.

Integrating Human Caring Science into professional

practice strengthens ethics and values by aligning them with

each person’s unique perspective, fostering both personal

and professional transformation.

Program Structure

The course is organized into online modules and includes

interactive discussions, personal reflections, and monthly

Zoom sessions. These components allow participants to

incorporate the philosophy and values of Caritas® into

their daily personal and professional practices. The

combination of synchronous monthly meetings and

asynchronous activities through the Canvas platform

provides flexible learning, enabling participants to progress

at their own pace and adapt the learning process to their

needs and availability.

The faculty supports participants throughout the course,

guiding the implementation of personal Caring Science

projects - essential for developing the competencies

required to become a Caritas® Coach. These projects have

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a direct impact on the participants’ work environments by

promoting observable and concrete changes.

Methodologies and Practices

The CCEP adopts an innovative teaching-learning

approach, integrating self-reflection, authentic dialogue,

and the exploration of wisdom traditions. Its purpose is to

empower participants to live and apply Caritas® principles

across all areas of life. Throughout the journey, participants

are encouraged to cultivate holistic awareness and a

comprehensive vision of Human Caring, emphasizing

healing, love, and respect for human dignity.

The faculty guides participants through virtual meetings,

supporting the development of their Caring Science

projects, abstracts, posters, and portfolios.

Transpersonal caring practices are central to the course,

and participants are encouraged to develop a daily routine

of self-care and reflection, which includes meditation,

journaling, and study. This not only deepens the integration

of Caring Science but also fosters personal growth and

spiritual renewal.

Caritas Coach Competencies

Participants develop the ability to practice and teach the 10

Caritas Processes, gain fluency in the language of Caring

Science, and apply evidence-based practices alongside

subjective ways of knowing. The goal is to foster informed

praxis that places human caring, integrity, and dignity at the

heart of all environments.

Currently, REDE PT includes three Caritas Coaches.

Below are reflections from each:

“On a journey of self-awareness and reflection - essential

competencies for becoming more competent, respectful,

and empathetic individuals and caregivers - we are

empowered to foster the growth and development of both

others and ourselves, honoring each individual’s unique

needs and identities”. (R1)

“A course grounded in reflection and self-discovery, guided

by a coach, is a unique opportunity for personal and

professional development in nursing - especially in contexts

of high vulnerability”. (R2)

“The Caritas Coach Education program is an opportunity

for sharing, reflection, and growth - personally and

professionally. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

offers a unique perspective within nursing and professional

practice, where every person is seen as unique and valuable.

The uniqueness of the course lies in the support of a

dedicated coach over six months of training, during a

journey of discovery, goal-setting, and professional

transformation that deepens our consciousness”. (R3)

Participants regard the course as a path to self-knowledge

and growth. Their testimonials highlight the value of a

dedicated coach and the opportunity to apply theory to

daily practice - enriching the discipline of nursing.

Social Media: A Strategic Resource for Disseminating

the Theory of Human Caring and Promoting Health

Literacy

Social media has proven to be an essential resource for

sharing and disseminating the Theory of Human Caring,

promoting health literacy, and circulating the scientific

output of REDE PT. This communication channel allows

outreach to a diverse, cross-border audience, including

nurses, other healthcare professionals, nursing students,

and the general public.

By leveraging the broad reach of virtual platforms, REDE

PT seeks to convey its core message and strengthen its

impact. A key objective is to maintain a high and consistent

publication frequency, which remains a challenge in the

fast-paced and ever-evolving landscape of social media.

Some of the content shared by REDE PT includes:

- Phrase of the Week: Inspirational posts highlighting key

quotes from the Theory of Human Caring, promoting

reflection – mainly using literature authored by Jean

Watson.

- Nursology: Posts sharing concepts and innovations in

nursing to enhance followers' understanding of

contemporary theories and practices, often referencing the

Nursology website.

- Promotion of WCSI Events: Announcements and

updates on workshops, conferences, and other initiatives

organized by the Watson Caring Science Institute, inviting

followers to engage in significant events in the field.

- Articles and Research Studies: Links to recent scientific

publications, along with summaries that facilitate

understanding and encourage further reading on relevant

topics in nursing and humanized care.

Posts often include infographics and image carousels that

help explain complex topics, as well as short, engaging

videos with testimonials that balance dynamism with

informative content. On commemorative dates or during

special events, REDE PT employs storytelling techniques.

The Social Media & Image subgroup has encouraged the

active involvement of all members, reinforcing the idea that

each one plays a vital role in building a strong and impactful

digital presence. This collective effort transforms social

media into more than just a communication channel – it

becomes a platform for connection, learning, and the

expansion of REDE PT’s mission.

Contribution of Jean Watson’s Theoretical Framework

to Research in Portugal

As a scientific discipline, nursing has the mission of

producing and disseminating its own body of scientific

knowledge – knowledge that underpins how clinical and

academic nurses think, feel, and act.9 In Portugal, doctoral

theses grounded in specific nursing theoretical frameworks

have significantly contributed to this objective.

Through knowledge translation, nursing is able to robustly

respond to the needs of individuals who require health and

nursing care, as these responses are informed by theoretical

frameworks that guide best practices.12

In this context, in June 2024, the design of a study began to

explore the contribution of Jean Watson’s theoretical

framework to the development of doctoral theses in

nursing across Portuguese universities. The study has

received scientific support and recognition from the

Watson Caring Science Institute and includes WCSI LIA

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DOI: 10.71861/pensarenf.v29iSup.411 / e00411

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Director Professor Héctor Rosso as a member of the

research team.

This is an exploratory-descriptive study, using both

quantitative and qualitative methods. The research strategy

involves online searches in the repositories of Portuguese

universities and the Open Access Scientific Repositories of

Portugal (RCAAP), to identify full-text doctoral theses in

nursing, beginning with the earliest completed in the

country.

The methodology includes document analysis, univariate

descriptive statistical analysis to characterize the theses, and

discourse analysis to identify the elements, components,

and contributions of Jean Watson’s theoretical framework

in dissertations across different Portuguese institutions. In

addition, qualitative content analysis will be conducted on

data gathered from semi-structured interviews and focus

groups with a purposive sample of thesis authors, allowing

for deeper reflection on how these works have contributed

to the nursing discipline and clinical practice.

Impacts of the Theory of Human Caring on Clinical

Practice

The following are four reflections from nurses who are

active members of REDE PT, illustrating not only the

applicability of the Theory of Human Caring in clinical

practice but also its transformative influence on the nurses

themselves.

“As a nurse for 18 years, I have seen the Theory of Human Caring

progressively take on greater significance in the care I provide. I

recognize that when I completed nursing school, I had limited

understanding of how to operationalize the principles proposed in this

theory. Over time, through study and personal growth, I began to

integrate its elements into my practice. Today, in every care

relationship, concepts such as ‘therapeutic use of self - central to Dr.

Jean Watson’s theory - resonate deeply within me. In any care setting,

beyond theoretical and practical knowledge, nurses also draw on

internal resources to build the therapeutic relationship, enabling the

patient to heal and improve their health status. At this stage of my

professional development, it no longer makes sense for me to provide

care without using the Theory of Human Caring as my guiding

framework”. (R1)

“Throughout my professional journey as a nurse, I’ve realized that –

even before I fully understood Jean Watson’s Theory of Human

Caring – its principles were already present in my practice, albeit

unconsciously. A commitment to the person’s well-being, compassion,

and respect for human dignity were always there, even without an

explicit theoretical foundation. Now, reflecting on the Clinical Caritas

Veritas Processes, I see how these values have shaped my approach to

care and guided my nursing interventions. In the past, these elements

were intuitive: I prioritized person- and family-centered care and

developed empathic relationships, but I wasn’t fully aware that they

reflected the theory’s core principles. Today, with Dr. Watson’s

framework clearly in mind, the Caritas Processes guide my practice

more consciously and intentionally. Caring is no longer just a duty -

it’s a deliberate and reflective act that seeks to transform both the

experience of those I care for and my own experience as a caregiver.

One of the most inspiring aspects of the Theory of Human Caring is

how inclusive and deeply human it is, welcoming and respecting all

identities. This is especially meaningful to me, as I strive to ensure

healthcare is accessible and relevant to everyone. The theory not only

promotes equity in care but also encourages us to recognize each

individual as a unique being with their own story, beliefs, and needs.

The Portuguese Network of Nursing Science for Human Care has

allowed me, as a student, to embrace this theory consciously and

permanently, shaping both my nursing interventions and the way I care

for others. Whether through research or sharing Jean Watson’s

scientific work, or through daily contact with REDE PT members, I

feel part of a world that is far from being purely technical – and much

closer to people”. (R2)

“Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is a holistic approach that

transforms nursing by focusing not only on the physical treatment of

patients but also on emotional, spiritual, and relational care. In

clinical practice, applying this theory allows for a more humanistic and

person-centered perspective, fostering deep, compassionate relationships

that facilitate healing. The 10 Caritas Processes are essential to

authentic care, highlighting love-kindness, empathy, respect, and

compassion to promote trust and emotional-spiritual support. The

nurse develops sensitivity to others, creating a healing relationship

based on authenticity, mindful presence, and sacred attention to basic

needs. The theory also acknowledges the spiritual dimension of care,

including the patient’s beliefs, values, and meaning of life. By building

a relationship centered on the patient’s life story and creating mutual

trust, the nurse ensures that the patient feels heard, understood, and

respected – as a whole being with body, mind, and spirit. Social and

economic conditions are also considered, ensuring care responds to real

needs. In this context, self-care is essential. Jean Watson emphasizes

that healthcare professionals who care for themselves – emotionally,

physically, and spiritually – are better equipped to provide authentic

and effective care. A nurse who takes care of themselves is more

empathetic and present in their interactions with others. Promoting

spirituality by respecting and supporting patients’ spiritual beliefs is

central to Watson’s theory, leading to more personalized and values-

aligned care experiences. Ultimately, the Theory of Human Caring

transforms nursing through compassion, awareness, and humanity”.

(R3)

“Over 35 years of professional experience, I have had the opportunity

to care for mistreated children and youth and their families, always

from a human and holistic perspective that acknowledges the emotional

dimension of nursing practice, grounded in human values of caring.

Providing care in these situations requires establishing relationships of

closeness and trust, enabling the expression of feelings between nurse,

child, and family – aimed at promoting development, protection, and

safety. This approach is deeply aligned with Jean Watson’s Theory of

Human Caring, which centers on transpersonal caring and is

operationalized through the Clinical Caritas Processes. By being

authentically present in the caring moment – with sincerity and

openness – I was able to convey affection, love, support, and respect.

Over time, this facilitated a trusting and healing relationship. The

Clinical Caritas Process links caring with love, aiming to maximize

pediatric patients’ health and reduce neglect or maltreatment. For me,

the Theory of Human Caring/Unitary Caring Science offers a

pathway for caring for mistreated children/youth and their families. It

has helped me see the human being as transcendent and value their

lived experience – focusing on transpersonal care that emerges from

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interaction. In my professional practice, the theory opened new

perspectives and allowed me to deliver more humanized pediatric care,

guided by therapeutic intentionality. It also supported advanced clinical

practice by promoting leadership rooted in valuing team members’

competencies, collaboration, and the creation of supportive clinical

environments. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring has provided

me with many opportunities for personal and professional growth”.

(R4)

Challenges for a Transformative and Global Vision of

Nursing

Nursing Science can be significantly strengthened through

a dynamic integration of education, research, and clinical

practice, as promoted by the so-called “Watson groups”

representing WCSI LIA. This approach allows a broad

professional community of nurses – nationally and globally

– to benefit directly from the contributions of the Theory

of Human Caring, not only through digital technologies, in-

person events, and publications, but also through reflection

groups and other knowledge- and experience-sharing

activities. This professional network fosters a nursing way

of thinking that has a direct impact on care delivery,

transforming clinical practice through the ongoing

strengthening of the discipline.

The integration of academic and clinical systems promotes

a fundamental transformation in nursing by bridging

education, research, and practice. REDE PT contributes to

the consolidation of a nursing community committed to

this articulation – between pedagogy, research, and clinical

care – promoting engagement with the wider community

and encouraging peer collaboration. This movement

strengthens nursing as a discipline and supports its

continuous evolution through an open dialogue with

society and its emerging paradigms, ensuring a constant

renewal of knowledge and practice aligned with the vision

of Human Caring.

Furthermore, the exchange between the “Watson groups”

and the expansion of REDE PT contribute to the

integration of multidisciplinary knowledge and to the

discussion of critical contemporary issues, such as

technological advances. According to Jean Watson, the

transition of our time into virtual worlds and cyberspace

offers a unique opportunity to introduce and co-create

global Caritas-Communitas networks – spaces that help us

discover how to unite nurses and others across time and

space, contributing to a new mind-to-mind order.9

Through this vision, REDE PT becomes a space for

sharing and development, where the professional nursing

community can connect and exchange knowledge,

promoting a practice that values Holistic and Human

Caring. It is a practice that evolves in harmony with social

and technological transformations, establishing itself as a

global force for the transformation of nursing.

Another major vision of REDE PT is to serve as a catalyst

for transformation, where nursing practice evolves in

response to the needs of human beings and society.

According to Kerouac et al.13, nursing thought must be

inspired by a continuous quest for knowledge and

expansion, where each experience challenges personal

limits – just as nursing evolves by integrating the Theory of

Human Caring into every dimension of clinical practice.

Rooted in the paradigm of transformation, and echoing the

pursuit of self-knowledge and personal growth explored by

Kerouac in her work, REDE PT fosters a journey of

collective deepening, in which each member is committed

to reflecting and expanding the boundaries of human care.

This aspiration forms part of a greater whole – one that

seeks to contribute to a transformative and global vision of

Nursing.

Conclusion

Since its foundation, the Portuguese Network of Nursing

Science for Human Care has grounded its work on the

universal values of the Clinical Caritas Veritas Processes.

Within a collaborative, inclusive, and inspiring

environment, the network has created spaces for sharing,

building, and reflecting on nursing knowledge and practice.

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The activities carried out over the past three years

demonstrate the network’s commitment to developing a

science that is truly humanistic, integrative, and centered on

the person and the therapeutic relationship. Through

events, publications, educational offerings, research

projects, and clinical applications, the Theory of Human

Caring/Unitary Caring Science has proven to be a powerful

driver of personal and professional transformation.

As a result, REDE PT has gained national and international

visibility, becoming a reference point for nurses and

students who seek to deepen their understanding and

application of the theory. Its connection to the Watson

Caring Science Institute and the Latin-Ibero-American

branch (WCSI LIA) has fostered an environment of

collaboration, innovation, and cultural exchange.

Looking toward the future, the Portuguese Network aims

to strengthen its presence across Portugal and Latin

America, diversify its activities, expand its research agenda,

and continue to support the training of nurses and students.

The dissemination of the Theory of Human Caring and the

implementation of practices grounded in love, compassion,

ethics, and scientific rigor will remain central to this path.

REDE PT thus continues to affirm itself as a space of care,

thought, and action – where nursing is practiced and

envisioned as a science and art of caring, with deep ethical,

philosophical, and relational roots.

Authorship and Contributions

PD: Conception and design; Drafting of the manuscript;

Critical revision of the manuscript; Approval of the final