Nursing Interventions in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction

Childhood obesity is recognized as a serious public health issue, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and being associated with various chronic diseases. Interventions involving the family have proven to be more effective than those focusing solely on children. Nursing intervention in the prevention of childhood obesity is essential for promoting professional empowerment and improving the quality of care provided.

Objective

To map and synthesize nursing interventions in the prevention of childhood obesity.

Methods

The review was conducted based on the JBI methodology, between October 2024 and February 2025, using specific search terms. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL (via EBSCO) databases, including articles published in the last 10 years in English and Portuguese. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers.

Results

Eighteen studies were included, highlighting the importance of the family in preventing childhood obesity and the role of nursing interventions in facilitating the management of this condition. Four categories emerged: educational interventions aimed at the child and family; interventions for parental and family empowerment; interventions promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles; and interventions implemented in school and community settings.

Conclusion

Childhood obesity is a complex condition with global implications, and its prevention requires family-centered approaches. The studies reviewed demonstrate that families play a crucial role in shaping healthy habits and that the family health nurse holds a strategic position in implementing effective interventions. The presence of professional barriers and policy gaps emphasizes the need for integrated, culturally sensitive strategies supported by public policies that recognize the essential role of nursing in promoting child health.